Inqubo yokugaya ye-CNC

Incazelo emfushane:

Ukulawula izinombolo (futhi ukulawula izinombolo zekhompuyutha, futhi okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-CNC) ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwamathuluzi okwenza imishini (njengama-drill, ama-lathes, izigayo namaphrinta e-3D) kusetshenziswa ikhompuyutha.Umshini we-CNC ucubungula ucezu lwento (insimbi, ipulasitiki, ukhuni, i-ceramic, noma inhlanganisela) ukuze uhlangabezane nezicaciso ngokulandela imiyalelo enekhodi futhi ngaphandle komsebenzisi olawula ngesandla olawula ngokuqondile ukusebenza komshini.


Imininingwane Yomkhiqizo

Omaka bomkhiqizo

Ukwethulwa kokucubungula kwe-CNC

Ukulawula izinombolo (futhi ukulawula izinombolo zekhompuyutha, futhi okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-CNC) ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwamathuluzi okwenza imishini (njengama-drill, ama-lathes, izigayo namaphrinta e-3D) kusetshenziswa ikhompuyutha.Umshini we-CNC ucubungula ucezu lwento (insimbi, ipulasitiki, ukhuni, i-ceramic, noma inhlanganisela) ukuze uhlangabezane nezicaciso ngokulandela imiyalelo enekhodi futhi ngaphandle komsebenzisi olawula ngesandla olawula ngokuqondile ukusebenza komshini.

Umshini we-CNC iyithuluzi elishintshekayo elinenjini futhi ngokuvamile inkundla eshintshwayo enenjini, elawulwa yikhompuyutha yomibili, ngokuya ngemiyalelo yokufaka ethile.Iziqondiso zilethwa emshinini we-CNC ngendlela yohlelo olulandelanayo lwemiyalo yokulawula umshini njengekhodi ye-G kanye ne-M-code, bese isetshenziswa.Uhlelo lungabhalwa ngumuntu noma, kaningi, lukhiqizwe isofthiwe ye-graphical computer-aid design (CAD) kanye/noma isofthiwe yokukhiqiza ikhompyutha (CAM).Endabeni yamaphrinta e-3D, ingxenye ezophrintwa "isikiwe", ngaphambi kokuthi kukhiqizwe imiyalelo (noma uhlelo).Amaphrinta e-3D nawo asebenzisa i-G-Code.

I-CNC intuthuko enkulu kunomshini ongewona owekhompuyutha okufanele ulawulwe ngesandla (isb. kusetshenziswa izisetshenziswa ezifana namasondo esandla noma amaleveli) noma ukulawulwa ngokuzibambela amaphethini agayidi enziwe ngaphambilini (amakhamera).Ezinhlelweni zesimanje ze-CNC, ukuklanywa kwengxenye eyimishini kanye nohlelo lwayo lokukhiqiza kuzenzakalela kakhulu.Ubukhulu bemishini bengxenye buchazwa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-CAD bese buhunyushelwa ekukhiqizeni iziqondiso ngesofthiwe ye-computer-aid production (CAM).Iziqondiso eziwumphumela ziyaguqulwa (ngesoftware "yephrosesa yeposi") ibe yimiyalo ethile edingekayo ukuze umshini othile ukhiqize ingxenye bese ilayishwa emshinini we-CNC.

Njengoba noma iyiphi ingxenye ethile ingase idinge ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi amaningana ahlukene - ama-drill, amasaha, njll. - imishini yesimanje ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amathuluzi amaningi ibe "iseli" elilodwa.Kokunye ukufakwa, inombolo yemishini ehlukene isetshenziswa nesilawuli sangaphandle kanye nama-opharetha abantu noma amarobhothi ahambisa ingxenye isuka emshinini iye emshinini.Kunoma ikuphi, uchungechunge lwezinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe noma iyiphi ingxenye luzenzakalela kakhulu futhi lukhiqiza ingxenye efana eduze nomdwebo wokuqala we-CAD.

Isethulo sezingxenye zokugaya ze-CNC

Ukugaywa kuyinqubo yokusika esebenzisa i-milling cutter ukuze isuse impahla ebusweni bomsebenzi.I-milling cutter iyithuluzi lokusika elijikelezayo, ngokuvamile elinamaphuzu amaningi okusika.Ngokuphambene nokubhoboza, lapho ithuluzi lithuthukisiwe ngokuhambisana ne-axis yalo yokuzungeza, i-cutter in milling ivamise ukuhanjiswa i-perpendicular ku-eksisi yayo ukuze ukusika kwenzeke kumjikelezo womsiki.Njengoba i-milling cutter ingena endaweni yokusebenza, amaphethelo okusika (imitshingo noma amazinyo) yethuluzi anqunywa ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi aphume entweni, ephuca ama-chips (i-swarf) emsebenzini nge-pass ngayinye.Isenzo sokusika i-shear deformation;Impahla isuswa emsebenzini ibe yizicucu ezincane ezilenga ndawonye zibe ezinkulu noma ezincane (kuye ngokuthi i-material) ukuze zenze ama-chips.Lokhu kwenza ukusika kwensimbi kuhluke ngandlela thile (kumishini yayo) ekusikeni izinto ezithambile ngensingo.

Inqubo yokugaya isusa okubalulekile ngokwenza ukusika okuningi okuhlukene, okuncane.Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa isisiki esinamazinyo amaningi, ukuphotha isisiki ngesivinini esikhulu, noma ukuqhubekisela phambili ukwaziswa kusisiki kancane;ngokuvamile kuba yinhlanganisela ethile yalezi zindlela ezintathu.[2]Isivinini nama-feed asetshenzisiwe ayahlukahluka ukuze avumelane nenhlanganisela yezinto eziguquguqukayo.Isivinini ucezu oluthuthukela ngaso kusisiki sibizwa nge-feed rate, noma nje ukuphakela;kuvame ukukalwa njengebanga ngesikhathi (amayintshi ngomzuzu [ku/min noma ipm] noma amamilimitha ngomzuzu [mm/min]), nakuba ibanga ngokuphenduka ngakunye noma izinyo ngalinye lomsiki nalo ngezinye izikhathi liyasetshenziswa.

Kunezigaba ezimbili ezinkulu zenqubo yokugaya:
1.Ekugayweni kobuso, isenzo sokusika senzeka ikakhulukazi emakhoneni okugcina omshini wokusika.Ukugaya ubuso kusetshenziselwa ukusika izindawo eziyisicaba (ubuso) endaweni yokusebenza, noma ukusika imigodi ephansi.
2.Ekugayweni kwe-peripheral, isenzo sokusika senzeka ngokuyinhloko eduze komjikelezo we-cutter, ukuze ingxenye yesiphambano ye-milled surface igcine ngokuthola ukuma komsiki.Kulokhu ama-blades of the cutter angabonakala njengokukhipha impahla emsebenzini.I-peripheral Milling ifaneleka kahle ekusikeni izikhala ezijulile, izintambo, namazinyo egiya.

Izibonelo zomshini we-CNC efektri ye-GUOSHI

Umshini we-CNC Incazelo
Isigayo Kuhunyushwa izinhlelo ezihlanganisa izinombolo ezithile nezinhlamvu ukuze kuhanjiswe i-spindle (noma ucezu lomsebenzi) ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kanye nokujula.Abaningi basebenzisa ikhodi ye-G.Imisebenzi ihlanganisa: ukugaya ubuso, ukugaya ihlombe, ukucofa, ukubhoboza futhi abanye baze banikeze ukuphenduka.Namuhla, izigayo ze-CNC zingaba nezimbazo ezi-3 kuye kwezi-6.Izigayo eziningi ze-CNC zidinga ukuthi kubekwe ucwecwe lokusebenza kuzo noma kuzo futhi kufanele okungenani zibe nkulu njengocezu lokusebenza, kodwa kukhiqizwa imishini emisha engama-axis angu-3 emincane kakhulu.
Lathe Usika ama-workpieces ngenkathi ezungeziswa.Yenza ukusika okusheshayo, okunembayo, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa amathuluzi anenkomba nama-drill.Isebenza ezinhlelweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidizayinelwe ukwenza izingxenye ezingenakwenzeka ukuzenza kumalebula okwenziwa ngesandla.Izicaciso ezifanayo zokulawula ezigayweni ze-CNC futhi zingakwazi ukufunda i-G-code.Ngokuvamile kuba nezimbazo ezimbili (u-X no-Z), kodwa amamodeli amasha anezimbazo eziningi, okuvumela imisebenzi ethuthuke kakhulu ukuba yenziwe ngomshini.
Umsiki wePlasma Kubandakanya ukusika impahla kusetshenziswa ithoshi ye-plasma.Okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukusika insimbi nezinye izinsimbi, kodwa kungasetshenziswa ezintweni ezihlukahlukene.Kule nqubo, igesi (njengomoya ocindezelwe) ishaywa ngesivinini esikhulu iphuma emlonyeni;ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakheka i-arc kagesi ngaleyo gesi esuka emlonyeni iye phezulu iyasikwa, iguqule enye yaleyo gesi ibe yi-plasma.I-plasma ishisa ngokwanele ukuncibilikisa okokusebenza okusikwayo futhi ihamba ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuze ifuthe insimbi encibilikisiwe isuke kusikiwe.
Imishini yokukhipha ugesi (EDM), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-spark machining, ukuguguleka kwenhlansi, ukushiswa, ukucwila kokufa, noma ukuguguleka kocingo, kuyinqubo yokukhiqiza lapho ukwakheka okufunayo kutholwa kusetshenziswa ukukhishwa kukagesi (izinhlansi).I-Material ikhishwa ku-workpiece ngochungechunge lokuphuma kwamanje okuphindaphindiwe ngokushesha phakathi kwama-electrode amabili, ahlukaniswe uketshezi lwe-dielectric futhi angaphansi kwe-voltage kagesi.Enye yama-electrode ibizwa ngokuthi i-electrode yethuluzi, noma nje "ithuluzi" noma "i-electrode," kanti enye ibizwa ngokuthi i-electrode workpiece, noma "workpiece".
Umshini wokuphotha okuningi Uhlobo lomshini wesikulufa osetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi.Kubhekwa njengokusebenza kahle kakhulu ngokwandisa umkhiqizo ngokuzenzakalelayo.Ingakwazi ukusika izinto zokwakha zibe izingcezu ezincane ngesikhathi esisodwa isebenzisa isethi yamathuluzi ahlukahlukene.Imishini yokuphotha okuningi inama-spindle amaningi kusigubhu esizungezisa eksisi evundlile noma eqondile.Isigubhu siqukethe inhloko yokubhoboza equkethe inani lokuphotha amabhola afakwe kuma-ball bearings futhi ashayelwa amagiya.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokunamathiselwe zalawa makhanda okubhola, angaguquki noma alungisekayo, kuye ngokuthi ibanga elimaphakathi le-spindle yokumba lidinga ukuhlukahluka.
I-EDM yocingo Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-EDM yokusika izintambo, i-EDM evuthayo, noma i-EDM yocingo oluhambayo, le nqubo isebenzisa ukuguguleka kwenhlansi emshinini noma isuse izinto ezibonakalayo kunoma iyiphi into esebenza ngogesi, kusetshenziswa i-electrode yocingo oluhambayo.I-electrode yocingo ngokuvamile iqukethe ithusi- noma i-zinc-coated material.I-EDM yocingo ivumela eduze namakhona angu-90-degree futhi isebenzisa ukucindezela okuncane kakhulu kokubalulekile.Njengoba intambo iguguleka kule nqubo, umshini we-EDM wocingo uphakela intambo entsha ku-spool ngenkathi unquma intambo esetshenzisiwe bese uyishiya emgqonyeni ukuze igaywe kabusha.
I-EDM ye-Sinker Ebizwa nangokuthi uhlobo lwe-cavity EDM noma i-EDM yevolumu, i-EDM ye-sinker iqukethe i-electrode kanye nomsebenzi ocwiliswe emafutheni noma olunye uketshezi lwe-dielectric.I-electrode ne-workpiece ixhunywe kugesi ofanele, okhiqiza amandla kagesi phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili.Njengoba i-electrode isondela endaweni yokusebenza, ukuwohloka kwe-dielectric kwenzeka oketshezini olwakha umzila we-plasma kanye nokugxuma kwenhlansi encane.Ukukhiqizwa kuyafa futhi isikhunta ngokuvamile senziwe nge-sinker EDM.Ezinye izinto, njengezinto ezithambile ze-ferrite nezinto zikazibuthe ezixutshwe yi-epoxy azihambisani ne-EDM ye-sinker njengoba ingasebenzi ngogesi.[6]
Umsiki wejethi wamanzi Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-"waterjet", iyithuluzi elikwazi ukusika libe yinsimbi noma ezinye izinto (njenge-granite) ngokusebenzisa ijethi lamanzi ngesivinini esikhulu nokucindezela, noma ingxube yamanzi nento ehubhukayo, njengesihlabathi.Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi kwakhiwa noma kukhiqizwa izingxenye zemishini nezinye izinto.I-Waterjet iyindlela ekhethwayo lapho izinto ezisikwayo zizwela amazinga okushisa aphezulu akhiqizwa ezinye izindlela.Ithole izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinombolweni ezehlukene zezimboni kusukela kwezezimayini kuye emkhathini lapho isetshenziselwa khona imisebenzi efana nokusika, ukubumba, ukuqopha, kanye nokwenza kabusha.
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