Ukucubungula i-graphite kungaba yibhizinisi elikhohlisayo, ngakho-ke ukubeka izindaba ezithile kuqala kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni nasekuzuzeni inzuzo.
Amaqiniso afakazele ukuthi i-graphite inzima umshini, ikakhulukazi ama-electrode e-EDM adinga ukunemba okuhle kakhulu nokuvumelana kwesakhiwo.Nawa amaphuzu amahlanu abalulekile okufanele uwakhumbule lapho usebenzisa i-graphite:
Amamaki e-graphite anzima ngokubonakalayo ukuwahlukanisa, kodwa ngalinye linezici ezibonakalayo ezihlukile nokusebenza.Amamaki e-graphite ahlukaniswe ngezigaba eziyisithupha ngokwesilinganiso sosayizi wezinhlayiyana, kodwa izigaba ezintathu kuphela ezincane (usayizi wezinhlayiyana zama-microns angu-10 noma ngaphansi) zivame ukusetshenziswa ku-EDM yesimanje.Izinga ekuhlukaniseni liyinkomba yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaba khona kanye nokusebenza.
Ngokwe-athikili kaDoug Garda (uToyo Tanso, owabhalela udadewethu incwadi ethi “MoldMaking Technology” ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa manje sekuyi-SGL Carbon), amamaki anezinhlayiyana ezinobubanzi obuyizinhlayiyana eziyisi-8 kuye kwayi-10 asetshenziselwa ukugoqa.Ukuqedela okunembe kancane nemininingwane yezinhlelo zokusebenza zisebenzisa amamaki ama-micron 5 kuya ku-8 usayizi wezinhlayiyana.Ama-electrode enziwe kusuka kulawa mabanga avame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza isikhunta sokubumba kanye nesikhunta se-die-casting, noma ukwenza impushana eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezicelo zensimbi ezisikiwe.
Idizayini yemininingwane emihle kanye nezici ezincane, eziyinkimbinkimbi zifaneleka kakhudlwana osayizi bezinhlayiyana ezisukela kuma-microns angu-3 ukuya kwangu-5.Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Electrode kulobu bubanzi zifaka phakathi ukusika izintambo kanye ne-aerospace.
Ama-electrode anembe kakhulu asebenzisa amamaki e-graphite anosayizi wezinhlayiyana ongu-1 kuya ku-3 ama-microns ngokuvamile adingeka ekusetshenzisweni okukhethekile kwensimbi yasemkhathini kanye ne-carbide.
Lapho ebhala i-athikili ye-MMT, u-Jerry Mercer we-Poco Materials ukhombe usayizi wezinhlayiyana, amandla okugoba, nokuqina koShore njengezici ezintathu ezibalulekile zokusebenza phakathi nokucubungula ama-electrode.Kodwa-ke, i-microstructure ye-graphite ngokuvamile iyisici esilinganiselwe ekusebenzeni kwe-electrode ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokugcina kwe-EDM.
Kwesinye isihloko se-MMT, uMercer uthe amandla okugoba kufanele abe ngaphezulu kuka-13,000 psi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-graphite ingacutshungulwa ibe izimbambo ezijulile nezincane ngaphandle kokuphuka.Inqubo yokukhiqiza ama-electrode e-graphite yinde futhi ingase idinge izici ezinemininingwane, ezinzima emshinini, ngakho-ke ukuqinisekisa ukuqina okufana nalokhu kusiza ukunciphisa izindleko.
Ukuqina kosebe kulinganisa ukusebenza kwamabanga egraphite.I-Mercer ixwayisa ngokuthi amamaki e-graphite athambe kakhulu angavala izikhala zamathuluzi, abambezele inqubo yokwenza imishini noma agcwalise izimbobo ngothuli, ngaleyo ndlela acindezele izindonga zembobo.Kulezi zimo, ukunciphisa okuphakelayo nesivinini kungavimbela amaphutha, kodwa kuzokwandisa isikhathi sokucubungula.Ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, i-graphite eqinile, encane-grained nayo ingabangela ukuthi impahla emaphethelweni embobo iphuke.Lezi zinto zingase futhi zihlasele kakhulu ithuluzi, okuholela ekugqokeni, okuthinta ubuqotho bobubanzi bembobo futhi kwandise izindleko zokusebenza.Ngokuvamile, ukugwema ukuchezuka kumanani obulukhuni obuphezulu, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukudla kokucubungula kanye nesivinini sephoyinti ngalinye ngokuqina koShore okungaphezu kuka-80 ngo-1%.
Ngenxa yendlela i-EDM eyenza ngayo isithombe sesibuko se-electrode engxenyeni ecutshunguliwe, uMercer uphinde wathi i-microstructure ehlanganiswe ngokuqinile, iyunifomu ibalulekile kuma-electrode e-graphite.Imingcele yezinhlayiyana ezingalingani yandisa i-porosity, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise ukuguguleka kwezinhlayiyana futhi isheshise ukwehluleka kwe-electrode.Phakathi nenqubo yokuqala yokwenza imishini ka-electrode, i-microstructure engalingani nayo ingaholela ekuqedeni kwendawo engalingani-le nkinga ibucayi nakakhulu ezikhungweni zemishini ezinesivinini esikhulu.Izindawo eziqinile ku-graphite nazo zingabangela ithuluzi ukuthi liphambuke, okubangele ukuthi i-electrode yokugcina ingabikho ekucacisweni kwayo.Lokhu kuchezuka kungase kube kuncane kangangokuthi imbobo etshekile ibonakala iqonde endaweni yokungena.
Kunemishini ekhethekile yokucubungula i-graphite.Nakuba le mishini izosheshisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa, akuyona yodwa imishini engasetshenziswa abakhiqizi.Ngaphezu kokulawula uthuli (okuchazwe kamuva esihlokweni), izindatshana ze-MMS zesikhathi esidlule nazo zabika izinzuzo zemishini enama-spindle asheshayo nokulawula ngesivinini sokucubungula okuphezulu kokukhiqizwa kwamagraphite.Ngokufanelekile, ukulawula okusheshayo kufanele futhi kube nezici ezibheke phambili, futhi abasebenzisi kufanele basebenzise isofthiwe yokuthuthukisa indlela yamathuluzi.
Lapho emithisa ama-electrode e-graphite—okungukuthi, egcwalisa izimbotshana ze-graphite microstructure ngezinhlayiya ezilingana ne-micron—uGarda utusa ukusetshenziswa kwethusi ngoba ingakwazi ukucubungula ngokuzinza amaalloyi akhethekile ethusi nawe-nickel, njengalawo asetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni komkhathi.Amamaki e-graphite afakwe ethusi akhiqiza amamaki amahle kakhulu kunamamaki angafakiwe esigaba esifanayo.Bangakwazi futhi ukufeza ukucutshungulwa okuzinzile lapho besebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi njengokungagezwa kahle kwamanzi noma opharetha abangenalwazi.
Ngokwe-athikili yesithathu kaMercer, nakuba i-graphite yokwenziwa-uhlobo olusetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-electrode e-EDM-ayi-inert yezinto eziphilayo futhi ngenxa yalokho ekuqaleni ayilimazi kangako abantu kunezinye izinto, ukungena komoya okungalungile kusengadala izinkinga.I-synthetic graphite i-conductive, engabangela izinkinga ezithile ocingweni, okungase kube isikhashana uma kuthintana nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zakwamanye amazwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-graphite efakwe ngezinto ezifana nethusi ne-tungsten idinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe.
UMercer wachaza ukuthi iso lomuntu alikwazi ukubona uthuli lwe-graphite ezindaweni ezincane kakhulu, kodwa lisengabangela ukucasuka, ukudabuka nokubomvu.Ukuthintana nothuli kungase kuhuzuke futhi kucasule kancane, kodwa mancane amathuba okuba kumunceke.Isilinganiso sesikhathi esilinganiselwe (i-TWA) sokuchayeka sothuli lwe-graphite emahoreni angu-8 singu-10 mg/m3, okuwukugxila okubonakalayo futhi okungasoze kwavela ohlelweni lokuqoqa uthuli olusetshenziswayo.
Ukuchayeka ngokweqile othulini lwe-graphite isikhathi eside kungabangela izinhlayiya ze-graphite eziphefumulelwe ukuthi zihlale emaphashini kanye ne-bronchi.Lokhu kungaholela ku-pneumoconiosis engapheli ebizwa ngokuthi isifo se-graphite.I-Graphitization ngokuvamile ihlobene ne-graphite yemvelo, kodwa ezimweni ezingavamile ihlobene ne-synthetic graphite.
Uthuli olunqwabelana emsebenzini luvutha kakhulu, futhi (esihlokweni sesine) uMercer uthi lungaqhuma ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.Lapho ukuthungela kuhlangabezana nokuhlangana okwanele kwezinhlayiya ezinhle ezimiswe emoyeni, umlilo wothuli kanye nokuwohloka komlilo kuzokwenzeka.Uma uthuli luhlakazeka ngenani elikhulu noma lusendaweni evaliwe, kungenzeka ukuthi luqhume.Ukulawula noma yiluphi uhlobo lwento eyingozi (amafutha, umoya-mpilo, ukuthungela, ukusakazeka noma ukuvinjelwa) kunganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuqhuma kothuli.Ezimweni eziningi, imboni igxila kuphethiloli ngokususa uthuli emthonjeni ngokungenisa umoya, kodwa izitolo kufanele zicabangele zonke izici ukuze zithole ukuphepha okuphezulu.Izinto zokulawula uthuli kufanele futhi zibe nezimbobo ezingaqhumisi noma amasistimu angaqhumi, noma zifakwe endaweni engenawo umoya-mpilo.
I-Mercer ihlonze izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokulawula uthuli lwe-graphite: amasistimu omoya wesivinini esikhulu nabaqoqi bothuli—okungalungiswa noma ukuphatheka kuye ngesicelo—kanye nezinhlelo ezimanzi ezisuthisa indawo ezungeze umsiki ngoketshezi.
Izitolo ezenza inani elincane lokucubungula i-graphite zingasebenzisa idivayisi ephathekayo ene-high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) isihlungi esingahanjiswa phakathi kwemishini.Kodwa-ke, ama-workshops acubungula amanani amakhulu e-graphite kufanele ngokuvamile asebenzise uhlelo olumisiwe.Isivinini somoya esincane sokuthwebula uthuli singamafidi angu-500 ngomzuzu, futhi isivinini sepayipi sikhuphuka sibe okungenani ngamafidi angu-2000 ngomzuzwana.
Amasistimu okumanzi afaka ubungozi boketshezi “lokubiyela” (ukumuncwa) kumpahla ye-electrode ukuze kukhishwe uthuli.Ukwehluleka ukususa uketshezi ngaphambi kokubeka i-electrode ku-EDM kungabangela ukungcoliswa kwamafutha e-dielectric.Ama-operators kufanele asebenzise izixazululo ezisekelwe emanzini ngoba lezi zixazululo azijwayele ukumuncwa uwoyela kunezixazululo ezisekelwe kuwoyela.Ukomisa i-electrode ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-EDM ngokuvamile kuhilela ukubeka izinto kuhhavini we-convection cishe ihora ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kwephuzu lokuhwamuka lesixazululo.Izinga lokushisa akufanele lidlule ama-degree angu-400, njengoba lokhu kuzokhipha i-oxidize futhi kudle impahla.Ama-opharetha akufanele futhi asebenzise umoya ocindezelwe ukuze omise i-electrode, ngoba ukucindezela komoya kuzophoqelela kuphela uketshezi ukujula kusakhiwo se-electrode.
I-Princeton Tool inethemba lokukhulisa iphothifoliyo yomkhiqizo wayo, ikhuphule ithonya layo ogwini oluseNtshonalanga, futhi ibe umhlinzeki oqinile jikelele.Ukuze kuzuzwe lezi zinhloso ezintathu ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuthengwa kwesinye isitolo somshini kwaba yisinqumo esingcono kakhulu.
Idivayisi ye-EDM yocingo izungezisa intambo ye-electrode eqondiswe ngokuvundlile ku-eksisi ye-E elawulwa yi-CNC, inikeze indawo yokusebenzela imvume yokusebenza kanye nokuguquguquka ukuze kukhiqizwe amathuluzi e-PCD ayinkimbinkimbi futhi anembe kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-26-2021